Compressor



March 19,1946. -Z DL WS 2,397,060

COMPRESSOR Filed March 8, 1941 l l i l i l l q l i l NVENTOR':

JOSE!" SZYDLOWJKI ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 19, 19 46.

' orrics comasssoa Josef Szydlowski, Saint Pe dc Bigorre, France; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application March 8, 1941, Serial No. 382,284

In France March 4, 1940 A Claims. (Cl. 230-114) g The present invention concerns machines for CzR-C'rr displacing and compressing fluids, such as turbocompressors for feeding aircraft engines. g to increase at high altitude the In order to reduce weight, such a turbo-com- CaR+C1r pressor is permanently coupled to the shaft of the aircraft engine, and the speed of its rotor is therefore that of the engine shaft. When the. aircraft is on the ground or flying at low altitude, the turbo-compressor does not produce an appreciable compression due to the degree of atmospheric pressure. Thus, under such circumstances, it absorbs a part of the engine power without producing a useful effect. It is the purpose of this invention to provide adjustable -means for reducing the amount of-power absorbed by the turbo-compressor, at low altitude, such means serving also to increase the amount of pressure developed by the turbo-compressor when the aircraft is at high altitude.

If C1 is the tangential component of the speed of the fluid at the inlet of the rotor,

C2 the tangential component of the fluid at the outlet,

r the corresponding radius of 01 at the inle R the radius corresponding to C: at the outlet, the torque absorbed by the machine per unit of weight of the fluid, is proportional to:

The value of P, and consequently, that of the power absorbed, can be theoretically lowered:

By giving to the term C11 an absolute value as near as possible to that of 02R.

However, C1 cannot exceed an upper limit which is the speed of sound. For practical reasons, r cannot be as great as R.

By giving C2 a value approximating C1.

This solution is inadmissible since C: which must subsequently be converted into pressure must be as high as possible.

For that purpose, the invention mainly involves imparting to the fluid, at the outlet of F 'itiieiirtor the rotor having purely a centrifugal tion results in the fact that, if C3 is the tangen- At a high altitude, it is necessary to increase as much as possible the pressure generated by the machine and, consequently, the value P and, as the working speed of the engine, that is to say, the angular speed of the rotor of the turbine, as assumed, remains constant, in order to do so, a, negative value is given to C11 (C1 being in this case limited below the speed of sound). The torque absorbed by the machine becomes proportional to:

C2R+C1T The invention has for its object or industrial result, to reduce on the ground or at low altitude the diflerence:

tial speed of the radius 13 at the inlet of the second machine, the two values:

P=C2RC1Z on the ground and P=CaR+C1r in altitude become respectively:

Pa=CzR-C1TC3T3 on the ground and Paa=C2R+Ci r+Cm in altitude.

With a structure of 1!. machines arranged according to the invention, will be obtained:

As regards the construction, the invention consists in associating the machines in such mannet that the inlet of one is connected to the outlet of the preceding one, doing away with the usual diffuser placed at each outlet and maintaining only the inlet guiding blades which impart tothe fluid the required tangential component.

The single figure of the accompanying drawing illustrates, by way of example only, a form of construction of a turbo-compressor having two rotors, according to the invention. This figure is a somewhat diagrammatic axial half-section, of the machine.

The inlet of themachine is provided on the periphery of the ring i. In this inlet are arranged the blades 2 pivoted about spindles 3 so as to be adjusted in such manner that they impart to the fluid the required tangential component. The outlet is provided at 4, through the usual diffuser 5.

On the same driving shaft 6 mounted in the bearlngs'landlotthecasing9,arerigidlysecured two rotors, each of which has the main arrangement or known machines and comprises, onthe one hand, distinct sets blades .10, its,

.lIs', the main function of which is to avoid the separating eil'ect noticed in continuous curved surfaces on theupstreamside oi turbo-compres- I sors and, on the other hand, radial sets of blades I I having purely a centrifugal action.

' For obtaining a continuous pathztor the fluid with the minimum deviation, the outlet l2 of the rotor is combined with the inlet of the secondrotor, guiding blades 2a pivoted about spindies to allowing to impart to the fluid, when it enters the second rotor, the required tangential component, for the p rii se described in the preamble to the present specification.

The machine illustrated comprises only two rotors, but it is obvious that it could be provided with a greater number.

The diagrammatic illustration contemplated comprises a disc l3 separating both rotors, rotating with the shaft 6, the spindles 3a of the guiding blades being supported, on the one hand, on

the casing 9 and, onthe other hand, by means of a ring I connected by narrow arms 15, suitably profiled, to the casing 9.

' This arrangement is only given by way of indication and the disc It might be done away with,

' and the spindles 3a mounted in overhanging position on the casing 9. r

The control of the orientation or setting of the blades 2a can be independent from or combined with that of the blades 2.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine for displacing and compressing fluids, a plurality of turbo-compressors each comprising a rotor, said rotors being arranged to re. tate in a casing, and each rotor being provided with an inlet port and an outlet port for the fluid,

a connecting enclosure for connecting the outlet port of one rotor to the inlet port or the following rotor, and outlet guiding blades capable 01 being adiusted, in each outlet port for imparting to the fluid a tangential component, variable in value and in direction, at least at the first inlet port in the machine, said guiding blades having at least portions thereof projecting beyond the outer diameter of the rotor with which it is associated.

2. In a machine for displacing and compressing fluids, a casing comprising an inlet port and an outlet port for the fluid, two rotors each comprising a series of radially projecting helical blades and a set of centrifugal blades, a driving shalt common to said rotors, a wall rotating with the said shaft and separating the casing into two chambers eachof which contains one 01 the rotors, connecting means containing a peripheral connecting the outlet port of one rotor to the inlet port of the following rotor is located in a position exteriorly beyond the outer diameter of said preceding rotor.

4. A machine according to claim 2, wherein the blades of one rotor are disposed in a position thereon exteriorly beyond the extreme outer diameter of the blades of the preceding rotor in the series.

5. A machine according to claim 2, wherein the final plates upon each rotor have portions thereof projecting radially beyond the general diameter of the rotor and the other blades thereon so as to form the centrifugal blades.

JOSEF SZYDLOWSKI. 

